Division of GENERAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Main scientific streamlines of the Division
- Researches of atomic nuclei with the help of photon and electron
beams, made by the research fellows of the Division on Nuclear Physics Institute electron
accelerators, give the important information on their structure. Usage of photons and
electrons has a number of advantages in comparison with usage of other nuclear particles
and allows more precisely to determine the characteristics of nuclei and more full to
interpret a nature of nuclear excitations, sizes of nuclei both distribution of a nuclear
matter and charge in a nucleus.The fundamental results on research of main collective
oscillations of a nucleus - Giant resonances are obtained. Besides mentioned above works
one of the first in the world were undertaken researches of nuclear resonant fluorescence
in the nuclei which have permitted to establish a number of unknown before excited states,
important for development of new ideas about a nucleus.
- The extensive researches of structure of hadrons and dynamics of
strong interactions in transition area between confinement and asymptotic freedom of
quarks, behavior of barions and nucleons in atomic nuclei are fulfilled. Physicists of the
Division together with Department of Electromagnetic
Processes and Atomic Nuclei Interactions of the Scobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics
(DEPANI) at active involving of the students participate in experiments in Hall
B TJNAF (USA) being carrying on international
center in the field of physics of elementary particles and atomic nuclei. A combination
unique in the world of a continuous electron beam with energy of 4 GeV and 4 detectors CLAS make possible research of hadron
structure in exclusive reactions inaccessible in earlier experiments on beams of impulse
accelerators with small aceptance detectors . In 1998 phisicists of the Division in
collaboration with colleagues of National Institute of
Nuclear Physics (Italy) and DEPANI began a series of experiments on beams of real and
virtual photons, having the status of the especially important constituent of the
international collaboration program CLAS. The carried out experiments allow to receive the
qualitatively new data on quark's movements in nucleon resonances and dynamics of strong
interactions on distances of 10 -10 sm. The search of predicted, but till now not detected
missing-resonances will be fulfilled, that will be by check of bases of quark models of
elementary particles. The experiments include also search and investigation of till now
not observed exotic hadrons, investigation of nucleon resonances properties and
manifestations of non nucleon degrees of freedom in nuclei. The obtained results will
allow essentially improve our understanding of structure of hadronic matter and dynamics
of strong interactions.
- The students of faculty have possibility to be engaged in physics
of high energies. The researches in this area are carried on in Department of Experimental High Energy
Physics of NPI. The department carries on researches on the largest accelerators of
the world: DESY (Germany), Tevatron (USA), at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN) (Switzerland,
France). Due to large energy of colliding particles the researchers get in the completely
new world occupied with mesons, nucleons, quarks etc. New quarks discovered in experiments
on accelerators are in focus. They are recently discovered on Tevatron heaviest top-quark,
easier charming and beauty quarks, the particles, in which structure enter these quark.
The researches in area of the "high" theory (string gravitation) are carried on.
- In Department of
Electromagnetic Processes and Atomic Nuclei Interactions of the Scobeltsyn Institute of
Nuclear Physics (DEPANI) by the graduates of the Division was designed and constructed
the accelerator of electrons of continuous operation - best in the world in an appropriate
range of energies. During construction of this accelerator the Division (on behalf of the
graduates working in DEPANI headed by the doctor of science V.Shvedunov) was taken a
leading role in such important area as generation of continuous high-current electron
beams. On the basis of developments fulfilled on the Division, in DEPANI for the first
time in the world the accelerators with continuous electronic high-current beams are
created which, besides fundamental researches, have appeared irreplaceable and at solution
of many applied tasks - such, for example, as tansmutation of elements, i.e. change of
element structure of a sample under operation of an intensive beam of particles. The high
scientific authority of accelerators group headed by V.Shvedunov, promoted its intensive
international scientific contacts.
- The students training on the Division, have the broad
possibilities on obtaining professional skills working with computers (Pentium,
IBM-RS6000) in operating systems UNIX, Linux, Windows NT, Windows 95. The faculty
laboratories are well equipped and all hardware is in students disposal practically
without limitations. All computers are joined in a local area network and have on-line
connection to Internet. The new modern approaches are developed at construction of control
systems of accelerators and other complex technological installations. Silicon Graphics computers and links with research
centers of Europe and America allows to use information resources and analyze experimental
data in computer centers DESY (Hamburg), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)
(Chicago), Brookhaven National Laboratory
(New York), CERN (Geneva).
- There are possibilities to implement researches using methods of
nuclear physics in other areas of a science: a solid state physics, creation of new
materials and change of their properties etc. Computer and experimental investigations of
microwave and x-ray radiations, are carried out. The investigations on physics of
high-current electron beams and physics of plasma, radiation ecology are carried on.
Last updated 16.09.98